Native Tribes Free Essays

Cormac McCarthy’s â€Å"Blood Meridian† deals with racism in the form of The Judge’s attitude toward the orphans, the tangible efforts of the gang to be more savage, and even in the Kid’s role in the border skirmishes between the American settlers, the Native Americans and Mexicans living along the border. In a novel that some have called the greatest American novel since â€Å"Moby Dick†, McCarthy discusses racism on an inherent level, making people examine the historical context and the situation itself. Remarkably, the novel has a lasting appeal as a commentary on the way Americans address their southern neighbors even today. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Tribes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first evidence of racism the book offers is in the Judge’s attitude towards the orphans. The Judge is a pedophile, raping the orphans and then killing them or having them killed to hide his indiscretion. In his mind, the Judge justifies his actions with the thought that many of the children in the orphanage are half-breeds and somehow therefore less important than people who are purely Caucasian. In his mind, the Judge and others who look after the orphans, even as wantonly as the Judge does, are doing their Christian duty and providing for children that are otherwise unwanted. In this way, the book takes a hard and accurate look at the racism that was prevalent in the West regarding children descended from Native Americans and Europeans. The children were dismissed by white society as half savage and by the Native populations because they often represented the humiliation of one of the women of the tribe—either voluntarily or involuntarily. To some extent, these children were more accepted in the Native populations when their parents were both accepted by the tribe, but even then they were mostly second class citizens. The next evidence of racism and its extreme application comes from the Gang. Though the gang is composed of outlaws of Caucasian and Native descent, as a means of instilling terror in their victims, the gang resorts to scalping those they killed. As history demonstrates, only a very small number of Native Tribes took scalps as counting coup, but the stereotype of the novel and of the gang members was that Injun’s took scalps and that would make people more afraid of them. It is also interesting to note that primary targets of the gang were settlers coming up from Mexico or those of Hispanic descent. The stereotype that the Mexican were outlaws or lazy ot somehow second-class citizens is prevalent in the novel. Perhaps equally interesting in the long-term is the prejudice within the Hispanic/Mexican/Chicano community itself. Even now, those who are descendents of the Spanish Conquistadors are sometimes offended by being identified as Mexicans, whom they identify as those of mixed blood between the conquistadors and the Native American people of Central America. However, Chicanos in Southern California would be equally offended by being called a Hispanic as they take pride in their connection to Mexico. The fact that this racism persists to this day is both interesting and depressing at the same time. The simple reality of Cormac McCarthy’s novel is that it portrays an evil man attempting to justify his actions via racism and a gang of thugs using racism to make themselves seem bigger and badder than they are, when in truth murder should have been enough. McCarthy’s ability to capture the tenor and reality of the racism without pandering to it does make this a novel worth reading. How to cite Native Tribes, Papers

Leadership In The Management Process Of Healthcare †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership In The Management Process Of Healthcare. Answer: Introduction leadership in management The purpose of this assignment is to enrich the reader with a brief overview of leadership in the management process of healthcare. The healthcare industry is very crucial industry under which one step can change all the activities of the business process both positively and negatively. So, it is important for the business process to initiate trust and transparency in the business as to receive effective results in the management of the business. Talking about leadership in health care it shall be noted that this process helps in the initiation of effective and quick actions in the organization. And the implementation of habit of trust and transparency in the management of healthcare helps the organization in the easy flow of work in the workplace and it also helps in decision making process in the organization. The employees get motivated with the process of initiation of such activities in the business (Daire, Gilson, Cleary, 2014). Health care management is delicate sector under which small blunder can adversely affect the organization along with the people connected with it. So in order to maintain the positive external environment, the leaders need to manage proper leadership program and initiate workplace management activities in their business operations (Grohar-Murray, DiCroce, Langan, 2016). Further, the task includes a detailed description of the importance of trust and transparency in health care management and leadership role of the managers in the organization. it also explains the barriers caused by the organization in case of non-compliance of such activities. Further details about the task are discussed below. Importance of trust and transparency in health care Information is the most powerful aspect with the help of which organizations drive the customers to trust on their activities. Without transparency, patients will also not be able to trust on the activities of the health care organization. As the patient will review the online survey response of the existing patients of the organization then will get to know about the true image of the company in the market according to which they will create their perception and act accordingly. Further, no business can sustain the global market by lying to the customers thus transparency and trust is most important for any business. Talking about such activities ineffective leadership management system, it shall be noted that the leader shall always aim to correctly guide its employee and the customers by stating all the material facts to them (West, et. al., 2014). This process of leader will initiate transparency in the organization and transparency is the most factors which boost up the trust of employees on the working of the organization. In an organization where there is effective workplace management and the employees trust on the activities of their leader and follow. In that organization, the customers are automatically insisted to attain their services. Thus, it shall be noted that effective leadership intensifies the sales of services in the organization (Dean, 2014). Talking about the impact of transparency activity ineffective leadership management, it shall be noted that this process develops accountability of employees in the health care system. Emerging incidence about the lack of transparency in leadership management of health care indicates that transparency can lead to accountability which can affect the whole process of the management. Accountability is an aspect which increases the level of responsibility of employees and makes them liable towards the work which they perform. No employee would intentionally perform any wrong act because they that they wou ld be held liable for performing such activities, due to which mistakes in the organization reduced and flow of work was initiated (Menachemi, Hogan, DelliFraine, 2015). Another aspect which gives good results with the effect of transparency and trust in organization is that this process provides productivity in the organization. As trust of employees on the activities of the organization initiates the business operations in a better way due to which subsequently the productivity in the organization is increased. The availability of all such organizations data to the customers of the organization provides the choice to prefer other competitors in the market, due to which the organizations urge to work better according to the requirements of the customers present in the market. Also it shall be noted that along with details about ones own company, information about other competitors is also present in the market due to which the company receives a chance to gain the competitive edge in the target market by knowing the inefficiencies of the competitors and working on them in order to achieve success (Barr, Dowding, 2015). Further, in the process of effective leadership management, a manager can only initiate activities in the health care when the employees fully trust the instincts of the management. Suppose if the business process wants to initiate a new change in the organization and the leader is determined for such change to so that customers receive greater benefit out of the services of our company. But if the employees do not obey the guidelines of the manager then there is a possibility that the plan might not work according to the expectation of the leader, due to which dissatisfaction might occur which would result in creation negative business environment. Thus, that is why trust and transparency are important in the management of the organization as it provides productivity, accountability and many other benefits to the healthcare organization. Lastly, quality of the outcomes is also improved which the introduction of this process in the business process (Ledlow, Stephens, 2017). Role of leadership in management Furthermore talking about the importance in the process of leadership in health care management, it shall be noted that there are many aspects of leadership which helps the healthcare organization in recognizing themselves in the global market. In addition to the above-mentioned statements it shall also be noted that trust and transparency activities in a business process highly affect the leadership in the healthcare, as these activities govern in the leadership prices of the mangers. An effective management requires good leadership services of the managers and good leadership requires trust of employees on the activities of the leader. All such activities collide to provide qualitative results for the health care organization (Gifford, et. al., 2014). Healthcare is field which called be called as a profit earning field, but the services which such organizations provide cannot be compared with money. Thus, this industry is crucial this fact shall be understood by all people working under it. So, in order to maximize the benefits of customers and help those to recover with their health, the managers first need to gain their trust with the rightful business activities. Then they need to be transparent and provide them all the fact related to their business then only they can provide benefits to the customers through their services. Apart from that, all such activities can only be initiated by the organization in the managers are capable enough to lead the whole organization. Leadership is an important part in the effective management of healthcare business (DiMaria-Ghalili, et. al., 2014). As there is huge pressure on the hospitals so, the organizations need a leader who can keep the employees motivated on the activities of the organ ization. Thus, it shall be noted that effective leadership is the need of the era and trust and transparency is the need of effective leadership. The employees also need to be transparent with the manager and the manager also needs to be transparent with the employees and the customers. Transparency brings trust on the activities of the leader and the management, which gives positive outcomes to organization and its customers as well (Jeffreys, 2015). Furthermore talking about the role of leadership in the health care management in hospitals, it shall be taken into consideration that patients will take their medications from the hospital on which they fully trust. So, this trust is gained by the leaders of the organization as they make the patients trust that will help them and co-operate with their condition as well. Patients safety is an important aspect and the organization which will take the authority and responsibility of patients and their problem will gain goodwill in the market. in many organizations, the activities have been noticed under which the managerial team of the hospital keeps the disease secret from the patient and involve them in unnecessary payments for their cruel means (Ward, et. al., 2015). They do not understand the sentiments of the patients which are linked with the doctors and the hospital, the patients trust that the doctors will cure them and make them healthier but irrespective of the fact that the people whom they trust are people who are degrading their growth. That's why trust and transparency are the two factors which help the patients to analyze the activities of the hospitals and it helps the leaders to analyze the growth of the management. Discipline in nursing is an important aspect which promotes integrity in their activities thus, the nurses and the doctors shall take the responsibility to act in favor of public on a whole and initiate transparency in their business operations as well (Strmgren, et. al., 2016). Leadership Barriers: personal, organizational, system Trust and transparency are the two aspects of an organization which are not adopted by all people in the management. And in the process of health care management, accountable care is the care under which the all the material information is shared between the payer and provider. Thus, there are some barriers in the adoption process of transparency in the organization. The personal barrier refers to the barriers which are related to the personal behavior or attitude of an employee in the organization. The personal issues include the problem of ego which arises under the nurses and doctors of the organization (Perry, Cox, Cox, 2014). The management believes that they are the ruling party in the transaction ad things shall go according to their way and if they face any change in the procedure then they feel irritated and oppose to the rules formed by the management of the organization. Ego is the biggest issue which detracts the flow of effective leadership and communication in the orga nization. Thus, ego and negative attitude of the nurse can be assumed as a personal issue which acts as a barrier for the management team of the health care organization in their process of leadership. Another personal issue can be the wrong intentions of the doctors in the organization. The doctors usually do not treat their patients properly in the hospital and then they ask them to come on their personal clinic. This act is done by them so as to earn an additional income from their business. This activity of them is ethically wrong and if the management identifies such then they shall prohibit then to act so (Van Velsen, et. al., 2016). Thus, due to these personal reasons the management and the leaders class in the organization. Furthermore talking about the organizational issues which hinders the leadership process of the managers, the fact that came into existence is that the transparency process can only be initiated in the organization when the all the employees present in workplace effectively communicate with each, an in an organization where the employees do not communicate with each other then there would be no be flow of positive working environment due to which issues in management will occur (Erkutlu, Chafra, 2013). Communication will help the employees to address each others issues and collectively resolve them. Communication also creates transparency in the organization. Solidarity helps the employees to build trust in on each other with their activities. Thus, this is another organization issue which makes the leadership process ineffective and subsequently growth of the health care organization decreases (Izquierdo, 2014). Another organizational issue is the understanding ability of the employees in the organization to understand a crucial issue and work on them. The health care organization is an emergency prone area where any time any emergency can occur and the doctors and nurses have to be present there to address the issue. Due to which any employee in the organization is inefficient in understanding the need of the era due to which some major cases in the organization are left unanswered. Here comes the role of leadership, if the leader in organization transparently communicates their responsibilities with other employees in the organization then this problem might not occur. As due to this the employees will not rely on each other and will complete their responsibilities for which they are accountable (McSherry, Pearce, 2016). The upcoming role of healthcare management notices the emerging role of physicians in the organization. now there comes a clash in the hospital when the physician in the organization aims to act as leaders in the organization whereas the actual leader is a person who is actually in the managerial post of leadership which is assigned by the management. An organization only needs two one leaders for management, two leaders create disputes and confusion in the organization. With this process, the employees will feel confusion that which leader they have to follow and to whom they are actually accountable. So this is one of the major system issues which are affecting the leadership process and the initiation of transparency activity in the organization (West, et. al., 2014). Lastly, the major aspect due to which the transparency from the organization is reduced is that there is increase effect of complexity in the organization due to which the healthcare management system is facing difficulty in leading its employees. As there is the presence of rapidly changing environment due to which it becomes difficult for the management to adjust according to such fluctuating environment. Adding to it, complexity in the organization is the cause of lack of transparency, complex organization structure subsequently starts reducing the flow of transparency from the organization resulting which issues are created for the management of the organization (Wong, Giallonardo, 2013). Examples of effective leadership in Health Care There are many organizations under which the physiotherapists are leading the managerial activities of the management effectively. Also under their guidance adequate procedure of transparency is also initiated by the management due to which positive working environment is initiated in the management (Agote, Aramburu, Lines, 2016). Talking the organization under which transparency created advantage for the organization is the Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, under which the leaders of the organization reconstructed the traditional managerial procedure into a distributive leadership model. This model helped the employees to analyze their duties and responsibilities and work in accordance with them. Communication was also enhanced due to which patient satisfaction and their trust also increased. The outcomes of this process generated greater satisfaction of employees and patients and positive staff feedback related to good corporate culture as well. (Thornton, 2016) Talking about the other which states the importance of transparency ineffective leadership it shall be noted that doctor Marty Makary attacks on various organizations saying that corporate hospitals prevent people from making the correct health decisions due to which they shall be held accountable for the activities which they perform. He is a surgeon and professor at John Hopkins University, stated that there needs to implement a whistleblower technique, as right now the doctors are not fairly treating the patients under their surveillance. As Makary marked one such case under which wrong anecdotes caused problem in the health of many people. In this case, if the managers would have transparently shared all such information with the patients then they would not have faced such issues. Thus, it shall be noted that transparency is one of the major factors which needs to be applied to the management of health care. (Abrams, 2012) The next example is the accountable care organization, which held people liable for the working which they have done. This organization provides all the details information to the payer about their transaction and process which they are going to follow. This process leads to credibility and accountability of the delegates to perform the work. And subsequently due to which the activities of leadership are easily initiated. (Bekhard Hospital Review, 2012) Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above-mentioned events, the fact that shall be noted s that healthcare management system requires adequate leadership in their process otherwise the organization will not work effectively. Transparency refers to the process of initiation of honesty and integrity in the organization, and if such actions are not followed in the organization then in that organization they employee will not be able to trust on the activities of the leaders (Chakraborty, Bhattacharya, Dobrzykowski, 2014). Thus, transparency initiates the trust of the employee along with the trust of patients in the organization. Being a crucial industry there comes many situations when the management of hospitals needs to work with full solidarity and responsibility otherwise the outcome might get worse; therefore, effective leadership helps the management to ace in the work filed. Leadership is a tool which guides the whole organization in efficiently working and initiating ethical business act ivities in the organization. Thus, it is the duty of the leader to implement activities transparency in the organization so that goodwill of the company is created in the market. Thus, the managers shall effectively communicate with the employees in the organization and the leader shall make an initiative to remove the personal, organizational and system barriers which are negatively affecting the growth of the organization. References Abrams, L., (2012). How Transparency Can Empower Patients and Fix Health Care. Viewed on October 30, 2017 from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/09/how-transparency-can-empower-patients-and-fix-health-care/262531/ Agote, L., Aramburu, N., Lines, R. (2016). Authentic leadership perception, trust in the leader, and followers emotions in organizational change processes.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,52(1), 35-63. Barr, J., Dowding, L. (2015).Leadership in health care. Sage. Bekhard Hospital Review, (2012). 8 Key Issues for Hospitals and Health Systems 2013. Viewed on October 30, 2017 from https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/8-key-issues-for-hospitals-and-health-systems-2013.html Chakraborty, S., Bhattacharya, S., Dobrzykowski, D. D. (2014). Impact of supply chain collaboration on value co-creation and firm performance: a healthcare service sector perspective.Procedia Economics and Finance,11, 676-694. Daire, J., Gilson, L., Cleary, S. (2014). Developing leadership and management competencies in low and middle-income country health systems: a review of the literature.Cape Town: Resilient and Responsive Health Systems (RESYST). Dean, E. (2014). Opinion divided on extent of cultural shift in health service: Poll reveals executives and nursing staff at odds on quality of leadership, transparency and whistleblowing.Nursing Management,21(4), 10-11. DiMaria-Ghalili, R. A., Mirtallo, J. M., Tobin, B. W., Hark, L., Van Horn, L., Palmer, C. A. (2014). Challenges and opportunities for nutrition education and training in the health care professions: intraprofessional and interprofessional call to action.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(5), 1184S-1193S. Erkutlu, H., Chafra, J. (2013). Effects of trust and psychological contract violation on authentic leadership and organizational deviance.Management Research Review,36(9), 828-848. Gifford, W. A., Holyoke, P., Squires, J. E., Angus, D., Brosseau, L., Egan, M., ... Wallin, L. (2014). Managerial leadership for research use in nursing and allied health care professions: a narrative synthesis protocol.Systematic reviews,3(1), 57. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016).Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson. Izquierdo, J. Z. (2014). Transparency, Compliance, Trust.Business Compliance,3(3-4), 29-42. Jeffreys, M. R. (2015).Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation. Springer Publishing Company. Ledlow, G. J. R., Stephens, J. H. (2017).Leadership for health professionals. Jones Bartlett Learning. McSherry, R., Pearce, P. (2016). What are the effective ways to translate clinical leadership into healthcare quality improvement?.Journal of Healthcare Leadership. Menachemi, N., Hogan, T. H., DelliFraine, J. L. (2015). Journal rankings by health management faculty members: Are there differences by rank, leadership status, or area of expertise?.Journal of Healthcare Management,60(1), 17-29. Perry, J. E., Cox, D., Cox, A. D. (2014). Trust and transparency: patient perceptions of physicians' financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies. Strmgren, M., Eriksson, A., Bergman, D., Dellve, L. (2016). Social capital among healthcare professionals: A prospective study of its importance for job satisfaction, work engagement and engagement in clinical improvements.International journal of nursing studies,53, 116-125. Thornton, H. A. (2016). Why is leadership important in healthcare now?. Chartered Society of Physiotherapists Van Velsen, L., Wildevuur, S., Flierman, I., Van Schooten, B., Tabak, M., Hermens, H. (2016). Trust in telemedicine portals for rehabilitation care: an exploratory focus group study with patients and healthcare professionals.BMC medical informatics and decision making,16(1), 11. Ward, P. R., Rokkas, P., Cenko, C., Pulvirenti, M., Dean, N., Carney, S., ... Meyer, S. (2015). A qualitative study of patient (dis) trust in public and private hospitals: the importance of choice and pragmatic acceptance for trust considerations in South Australia.BMC health services research,15(1), 297. West, M. A., Eckert, R., Steward, K., Pasmore, W. A. (2014).Developing collective leadership for health care. King's Fund. West, M., Lyubovnikova, J., Eckert, R., Denis, J. L. (2014). Collective leadership for cultures of high quality health care.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,1(3), 240-260. Wong, C. A., M Giallonardo, L. (2013). Authentic leadership and nurse?assessed adverse patient outcomes.Journal of Nursing Management,21(5), 740-752.

Survival Lottery Essay Example For Students

Survival Lottery Essay In his article The Survival Lottery, Harris suggests a situationwhere a possible course of action would be to kill a healthy person and use hisorgans for transplantation, thereby saving several lives at the cost of one. However the argument Harris presents, which he claims to be rational, doesintuitively raise a certain moral repugnance. The issues addressed such aswhether letting die is equivalent to killing, or is killing the innocent everjustified, are controversial in themselves and Harriss views have beenroundly criticised. This Essay will examine the main issues raised by thesurvival lottery and attempt to prove Harriss claim that it would be arational thing to do is in fact wrong. I will not do this by appealing to someobjective moral standard, such as we have a duty to never kill the innocent, asthis will inevitably lead to deadlock and lower the debate to a matter of yourown personal opinion. Instead I will argue that a Reductio ad Absurdum can belevelled against Harriss argument because of the untenable consequences itwould lead to. By revealing the weakness of the argument for the lottery we canshow why it shouldnt take place without being drawn into a conflict betweenconsequentialist and objectivist based ethical theories Harriss argument isbased on the maximising lives theory, as he believes there is valuein numbers and that two lives are twice as valuable as one. From this premise hegives the example in the survival lottery of two patients Mr. Y and Mr. Z whoare certain to die unless they get organ transplants, but no spare organs are tobe found. They both suggest that a healthy person, (Mr. A) be seized, killedpainlessly and his organs be used for the transplantation. They argue that thisis the rational and morally correct thing to do, for to not do so would besacrificing two lives to save one. It is the right course of action since itmaximises the number of lives saved albeit at the cost of a healthy and innocentperson. To combat the fear, worry and possible abuse by doctors of who should beseized and disorganised Mr. Y and Z suggest a lottery as a fair wayof determining who should be the donor. Mr Y and Z do have a strong case, theycan argue that they are just as innocent as Mr A, as its not their fault theyneed organ transplants. For the doctors to refuse to treat them is in effectdiscriminating against sick people. When we try to point out to them thatdoctors have a duty not to kill anyone, Mr Y and Z could claim that this isbegging the question as the doctors through there inaction will be killing bothof them. Perhaps this is where we can attack Harris, he equates killing withletting die for as a consequentialist it does not matter to him how the deathscome about, merely the fact that they have occurred is whats important. We will write a custom essay on Survival Lottery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However we could argue that by killing Mr. A we will have performed an ACTION,it will have been a man made death. On the other hand if we kill Mr. Y and Z we will have let nature take its course, no act has been done by anagent and can we be held responsible for things we dont do ? We could use theexample of starving children in Africa, if we dont always send aid to themare we responsible for killing them ? However this does not settle the question,we have merely provided an alternative viewpoint and on what basis can we saythis is more morally correct than Harriss view ? Maclean tries to side stepthis deadlock by arguing that the killing of Mr A is not moral question at all,in fact its morally impossible. Harris assumes that the organs forMr. Y and Z are available albeit at the death of an innocent person. Macleanstates that although the organs are physically available, they are not morallyavailable and if this is the case there should be no question of killing Mr A. .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .postImageUrl , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:hover , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:visited , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:active { border:0!important; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:active , .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242 .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35187fa9c9c2f8f3800fcd01d5994242:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill of rights EssayBy denying the availability of organs we can then say the doctors have no courseof action to take, Mr Y and Z cannot be saved and the question of whetherletting them die is tantamount to killing them does not even arise. However Idont believe this has resolved the conflict as it has simply provided anotherview of the value of human life. Maclean accuses Harris of operating ametaphysical notion of value whereon lives are rated as more or lessvaluable on some supposedly objective scale of values independently of whovalues them. This has the effect of degrading human beings to nothing morethan expendable units of organs and no longer seen as individuals. Harris of course would disagree saying his view, since it maximises the numberof human lives, it places more value on life. Both views can be rationallyjustified and the deadlock remains, the question is on what basis can we ruleone view to be moral the other immoral? I dont believe we can, but what wecan do is try to show that the rationality behind the argument for one of theviews is fallacious and if this is the case we can then reject that view. Thenext part of my Essay will reveal how Harriss case can be successfullyattacked and shown to have absurd consequences without having to appeal to somemetaphysical notion of the value of life, or an axiom such as the sanctity ofhuman life, thus breaking the deadlock doing so creates. To establish ourReductio ad Absurdum lets examine the premises Mr. Y and Zs argument relieson. Firstly they state that all three people in this situation, themselves andMr. A are all innocent. This is important as it removes any other considerationon who sho uld be killed other than the basis of numbers, so for the moment weare accepting the maximising principle so that we can show the absurdity itleads to. Mr Y and Z then in effect point a finger at Mr A andaccuse him of living at the cost of 2 lives. This is their reason for killinghim, the force from which they rationalise their course of action. But theabsurdity follows form this, Mr. Y and Z have no basis on which to pointthe finger at Mr A and level a 2 lives against 1 argument against him. Mr. A has every right to refute this by pointing the finger back at either Mr. Y orZ and saying you have no right to single me out, for I accept that if youkill me then 2 people will live, but if I where to kill either of you then 2people will also live. Myself for I will not have to be killed, and whicheverone of you I dont kill, cause we could use the others organs to save him. Since you claim we are all innocent, and your only argument against me is thatkilling me will save 2 lives, I have shown that you cant use this argumentagainst anyone without them reversing it back upon you. Thus Mr Y andZs argument is defeated their premise that killing 1 person to save 2 stillstands, but they cannot use it against a third party such as Mr A. Another formof this argument can take is that if we accept Mr Y and Zs premise that themore lives we save the better, then it would make sense for Mr A to kill aperson. For in doing so he would be saving 3 lives, his own and Mr Y and Zs. But just say this person before being killed by Mr A, said hold on aminute, lets kill this guy here, this way we will save 4 peoples lives, mine,yours Mr Y and Mr. Zs. This establishes a regress with each person whosabout to be killed using the same argument, and its difficult to see how toescape from it. In conclusion from these attacks we can proclaim the argumentfor the survival lottery as presented by Harris is fallacious and in theoryleads to absurdity. I have chosen not to mention the practical difficulties ofthe survival lottery such as which groups if any should be excluded from thedraw, as I have not needed to. .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .postImageUrl , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:hover , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:visited , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:active { border:0!important; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:active , .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10b4480ae416f2e1fe25614b5903e91f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Forensic Science: Proper Crime Scene Techniques. EssayBibliographyHarris, John The Survival lottery from Applied Ethics ed. PSinger (Oxford 1986) Maclean, Anne The elimination of Morality (London 1993 ) McKnight Chris J. The Survival of the Survival Lotteryin Journal of Applied Ethics Vol. 13 No.1 1996Philosophy

Animal Testing1 essays

Animal Testing1 essays Medicines, household products, food, and basically everything involved in the life of an average person has to under go a form of testing before it is legal to be placed on a shelf and if available to the public. The same tests are performed on every medical procedure that is introduced to surgeons. Since the only way to directly mimic the human body is to use it itself, scientists were forced to find the closest and best alternative. That is where animals were introduced to the medical profession. Experimentation on animals date back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical validation one of the oldest known to humans. It is not only one of the oldest but one of the most informative. Scientists use animals in medical research to study how the body works and how to diagnose, cure, and prevent disease. Researchers also use animals for tests to try to protect the public from dangerous chemicals, (Day, 13) such as those included in detergents, bleach, and other household products. When live animals are used in experimentation, this practice is called vivisection. Animals are used in many instances because their bodies often react in a similar way to Although animals have been used in medical research for numerous years it was not until the early 1920s that it became more prominent. It was at this point that the introduction of using live, un-anesthetized, animals to study toxic effects on an increasing array of drugs, pesticides and food additives was introduced. After this great advance in medical research the results of using animals grew with leaps and bounds. In 1970 this process peaked with the use of millions of animals. Since then, according to the USDAs Animals Welfare Enforcement, 1,267,828 animals were used for medical purposes in 1998, which is more than a 50 percent decrease since 1970. Although this is a drastic drop in ...

Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power

Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power Do the advantages of using nuclear power outweigh the disadvantages and thus making it a safe and economical method of generating electricity? At this time it is believed that there are far more disadvantages than advantages when it comes to the use of nuclear power. This report will list the advantages and disadvantages and prove that nuclear power is the next stepping stone in technological advancements and a cleaner future. HYPOTHESIS The advantages of utilizing nuclear power will by far demean the disadvantages and therefore prove that it will be beneficial to make use of nuclear power as an energy source. DISCUSSION ADVANTAGES One of the main advantages of nuclear power is that it does not emit a large quantity of green house gases such as CO2 [1] [2] and thus does not contribute to global warming. In turn this allows for a cleaner global environment. As seen in the below diagram, Coal-fired power stations release 5912000 tons of CO2 per year. Nuclear power stations use less th an a twenty-fifth of that because they only release 230000 tons of CO2 per year. Therefore in the environmental aspect, nuclear power is safe and beneficial for the world s future. Figure 1: A graph of the CO2 Emission by Each Power Source Another advantage of nuclear power is that it has relatively low costs involved in its production [5]. It yields much more electrical energy for each unit of nuclear fuel (uranium rods) used than the conventional fossil fuel power stations (coal) [1] [2]. Due to this it will also cost less to ascertain the resources needed to produce the same amount of energy as fossil fuels as is made evident in the below graph. This results in nuclear fuel costing much less per kilowatt hour for a consumer than any other method of producing electricity [fig. 2]. Therefore nuclear power will be economically beneficial for the world s electricity consuming population. Figure 2: A graph showing the US Electricity Production Costs for 1995 – 2008 An organizat ion known as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is in place to ensure that all nuclear power stations and nuclear activity which occur anywhere in the world is done without error which ultimately makes the use of nuclear power a safer option [7]. They implement standards and regulations which must be adhered to by all nuclear facilities [7]. One of their main tasks is to oversee the installation of the nuclear systems and transportation of nuclear materials to insure safety and security [7]. These monitoring protocols allow the usage of nuclear energy to be safe and secure. Over time improved designs have come about for nuclear reactors such as the advanced reactor in Japan which has been operating since 1996 [6]. The major safety feature in this reactor is its passive safety system. In the event of a malfunction, no intervention from an operator is required thus eliminating the chance of a human error [6]. If this type safety feature was to be implemented in all the curr ent and future nuclear reactors, it would significantly enhance the safety of the nuclear plants. There is a variety of safety features for nuclear reactors one of which is the three barriers between the fuel rods and the environment [6]. The fuel rods are in a solid ceramic pellet which forms the first barrier [6]. These pellets are inside a closed zirconium tube, which forms the second barrier [6]. The final barrier is the containment of the fuel rods. They are stored in a steel pressure vessel and this vessel has walls up to 30cm thick therefore preventing all radioactive radiation from escaping. Other than those safety barriers the whole containment structure has one meter thick reinforced concrete walls [6]. Thus in the event of a human error there are provisions in place to minimize the severity of the error. These measures will increase the safety of using nuclear power plants even more.

The Internal Problems of Vietnam as Cause of the War Essay

The Internal Problems of Vietnam as Cause of the War - Essay Example The collapse of the Soviet Union and China’s adoption of capitalist economic policies influenced Vietnam to broaden its international trade links and liberalise its internal economy (Evans & Newnham, 1998, p, 561). Vietnam is a country whose economy had always been largely agrarian in nature, although the communists had hoped to industrialise the economy. The internal problems of Vietnam as cause and consequence of the wars course and outcome was demonstrated by the damage that the conflict did to the country’s agricultural sector. By the time that North Vietnam had reunified the country its economy had been devastated by more than three decades of virtually continuous fighting. The task of rebuilding the economy was only achieved through the economic assistance of the Soviet Union. The internal problems of Vietnam as cause and consequence of the wars course and outcome were not helped by the fact that the economic policies of the Soviet Union, which the Vietnamese copied were flawed in their own right (Woodruff, 2005 p. 275). The Soviets wished to prop up a communist state that had already humiliated the United States, and that preferred friendship to the Soviet Union rather than a good relationship with China (Hobsbawm, 1994 p. 489). The Vietnamese economic recovery was interrupted by the short - lived Chinese invasion of 1979, which had the affect of increasing the number of refugees that fled the country. The conflict also reversed some of the economic recovery that had begun since the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 (Lenman, 2004 p. 869). Ironically it was the economic policies of China that provided the Vietnamese government with the inspiration to liberalise their economy and attempt to increase international trade with the rest of the world.

The influence of Bunuel on Latin American Cinema Essay

The influence of Bunuel on Latin American Cinema - Essay Example The paper "The influence of Bunuel on Latin American Cinema" concerns the surrealism and the figure of Bunuel. The Dada representatives disdained official art. In 1922 the movement of Dada propagated the dominance of the world of imagination and subconscious. Having become surrealists the former Dadaists started experimenting with the automatic writing. The idea was that one put down the words that occurred to a writer. The same principle was applied to painters who reflected on the canvas the images appearing in their head. In general the direction of surrealism prioritized the fabrication of psychological works rather than creating art masterpieces. The basic principle used in surrealism was irrationalism. Breton published â€Å"Manifesto of Surrealism† where he gave the explanation of this movement. Luis Buà ±uel was the introducer of surrealism to the cinema and in this way he became an innovator. He was prominent both in silent and modern films, he shot not only feature films but also documentaries. He is believed to be the first surrealist in the world of cinematic though he has several works that are said to be made in realistic and non-realistic manner. His most successful films were in the can when he was past 60. As a rule film directors either retire or have a substantial filmography at this age. Due to his rich life experience Buà ±uel touched upon several topics in his films: Yet despite all the innovations and permutations of his work, Buà ±uel remained suprisingly consistent.